The Covid-19
Amid the Covid-19 pandemic raging throughout the best part of 2021, Bangladesh had to tackle myriad challenges to ensure vaccines for its citizens.
So far, over half the population received the first dose,
and the government aims to administer a double dose for all eligible persons by
June and a booster dose by the end of this year.
Government officials say they have now overcome the initial challenges, including a
smooth vaccine supply.
The government is also working to set up a vaccine plant
to cut dependency on other countries, although progress has been slow.
"We are hopeful about setting up a
vaccine plant next year for our own vaccine production," Health Minister
Zahid Maleque told The Daily Star recently.
He said initially there were challenges but health workers
did a fantastic job inoculating around eight crore people with the first dose.
Alongside jabbing the adults, the government is now
vaccinating children aged 12 and above and has launched a booster dose
campaign on a limited scale.
The booster dose coverage will soon be widened
-- targeting vulnerable groups like the elderly and frontline workers,
including medical professionals.
Currently, around 13 lakh doses are being administered
every day, thanks to the supply from China's Sinopharm and other sources.
But it was not as smooth when the mass inoculation was
launched on February 7 last year mainly due to "vaccine nationalism",
misinformation and skepticism.
The government began the campaign with a contract for three
crore doses of AstraZeneca vaccines procured from Serum Institute of India, and
commitments of 6.8 crore doses from Covax, a global initiative, by 2021.
But the campaign had to be postponed for around a month
due to a sudden suspension of vaccine supply from Serum.
Serum stopped the supply of the purchased vaccine after
sending only 70 lakh doses in two consignments following the Indian
government's embargo on export in April 2021.
Cox's pledge to supply vaccines to low-income countries
also suffered a blow due to vaccine nationalism, a popular phrase used during
the pandemic as a reference to wealthy governments signing agreements with
manufacturers to secure supply for their own populations.
The Serum suspension forced the government to explore
other sources. The campaign resumed after 1.5 crore doses of the Sinopharm vaccine
were purchased from China in June. The government procured another six crore
doses of Sinopharm in August.
Besides, the country got around one crore doses of
different brands from Covax in phases.
Apart from this, the government started administering
Pfizer vaccines, received as donations under Covax arrangements, mostly among
students and Middle East-bound migrant workers.
As the supply became smooth, the campaign got some
momentum -- the government reduced the age bar from 55 years to 40 and ensured
better management. Soon the age bar was lowered from 40 to 18 years in efforts
to boost the vaccination rate and open the long-closed education institutions.
To ramp up vaccination, the government also launched
several special drives to bring more people under the coverage, especially for
people living in rural areas with limited access to online registration. The registration
through the Surokkha app started on January 26.
There were some complaints of irregularities and
sufferings in special drives. But apart from that, regular vaccination
campaigns through over 1,000 centers across the country were generally
trouble-free.
Experts said tireless efforts from health professionals
and a strong setup of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) helped better
vaccine management despite the ill-equipped public health facilities
overburdened with the influx of Covid-19 patients.
Bangladesh, however, failed to make any considerable
progress in vaccine production.
The government struck a trilateral agreement for bottling,
labeling, and dispensing China's Sinopharm vaccine in August. Under the deal,
Bangladesh's Incepta Vaccines Ltd is expected to supply five million doses of
Covid vaccines a month from its plant in Savar, but the production is yet to
start.
For the last few months, the country has seen a gradual
decline in Covid deaths and infections after the Delta variant, detected in
May, ravaged the country in June and July.
But the detection of the Omicron variant in late November
raised alarm bells. The World Health Organisation has labeled Omicron as a
variant of concern.
Experts say vaccination, which curbs hospitalization and
deaths, is key to tackling coronavirus, along with maintaining health guidelines.
Prof Be-Nazir Ahmed, a public health expert and former
director of DGHS, said Bangladesh started well in vaccination but slipped due
to dependency on a single source of vaccine.
"But Bangladesh recovered from that slip very well in
managing vaccines and in inoculation. But still, the vaccination coverage is not
at the expected level, especially when we are a champion in vaccinating
people."
Dr. Shah Ali Akbar Ashrafi, chief of the health Information
Unit of DGHS, said it was not easy to work with a completely digital vaccine
management system as adult education was a challenging process.
"We needed to teach statisticians from 492 Upazila
health complexes and 64 district offices quickly. We needed to hire data
assistants right away. We used the online platform Zoom to train many
healthcare workers in Surokkha.
"Management Information System had to go through a
critical period at the start. All of the officers, data assistants, and support
staff were working round the clock to resolve the issues."